{"id":7032,"date":"2023-06-27T12:35:55","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T12:35:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3.70.252.158\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/"},"modified":"2023-09-16T09:43:23","modified_gmt":"2023-09-16T09:43:23","slug":"compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/","title":{"rendered":"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:2%;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"854\" title=\"CarbonCapture_net_v2_en\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CarbonCapture_net_v2_en-1200x854.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-7035\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CarbonCapture_net_v2_en-200x142.png 200w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CarbonCapture_net_v2_en-400x285.png 400w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CarbonCapture_net_v2_en-600x427.png 600w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CarbonCapture_net_v2_en-800x570.png 800w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CarbonCapture_net_v2_en-1200x854.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CarbonCapture_net_v2_en.png 5396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h6>Author: Kenneth Vindum<br \/>Co-author: Peter Blinksbjerg <br \/>Release date: June 27, 2023<\/h6>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><\/div>\n<p>Many facilities around the world will be implementing Carbon Capture (CC) in the near future to reduce their CO2 emissions. It is crucial for emitters to implement the technology to meet global and national greenhouse gas reduction targets within the framework of the green transition and &#8220;Fit For 55&#8221;, the EU&#8217;s green transition plan.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[\\]<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-includes\/js\/dist\/hooks.min.js?ver=dd5603f07f9220ed27f1\" id=\"wp-hooks-js\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-includes\/js\/dist\/i18n.min.js?ver=c26c3dc7bed366793375\" id=\"wp-i18n-js\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" id=\"wp-i18n-js-after\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nwp.i18n.setLocaleData(  );\n\/\/# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<script  async type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/mathjax\/2.7.7\/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML\" id=\"mathjax-js\"><\/script>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-row\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-1\" data-title=\"Pr\u00f8ve- og m\u00e5leopstilling for et affaldsenergianl\u00e6g, der er eftermonteret med at Carbon Capture anl\u00e6g\" title=\"Pr\u00f8ve- og m\u00e5leopstilling for et affaldsenergianl\u00e6g, der er eftermonteret med at Carbon Capture anl\u00e6g\" href=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Block-diagram-CEMS-when-introducing-CC_en.png\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Block-diagram-CEMS-when-introducing-CC_en.png\" alt=\"Test and measurement setup for a waste-to-energy plant retrofitted with a carbon capture system\"><\/a><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p> <em>Figure 1. Test and measurement setup for a waste-to-energy plant retrofitted with a Carbon Capture system<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p>At Olicem, we suggest that plants continue to follow best practice by measuring the flue gas just before it leaves the stack. This will provide the most reliable results and be the cheapest method. However, this means that an additional dryO<sub>2<\/sub> measurement must be taken and measurements taken after CC must be corrected for the capturedCO<sub>2<\/sub> before they can be compared to emission limits using <u>a correction factor<\/u>. The approach has several advantages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Current legal requirements can still be applied (we don&#8217;t need to wait for the EU to issue revised emission limit values or new BREF documents).<\/li>\n<li>Concentration-based emission limits will remain unchanged regardless of whether the CC system is running or not.<\/li>\n<li>The regulatory requirements for the operation of the facility will remain unchanged.<\/li>\n<li>The principle of measuring last before the flue gas leaves the stack is maintained.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><h3>The overall problem statement<\/h3>\n<p>For simplicity, the main components of 100m<sup>3<\/sup> of flue gas are illustrated in table 1 below. The example also illustrates the components of the flue gas before a carbon capture system. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling centered\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-block\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Flue-gas-total.png\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Flue-gas-total-400x347.png\" alt=\"100 m3 flue gas incl. CO2\"><\/a><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p><em>Table 1. Illustration of the main components of 100m<sup>3<\/sup> flue gas <strong>before<\/strong> the CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber (current scenario)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p>The oxygen concentration in dry flue gas is calculated as:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[O_{2}vol\\text{%}=\\frac{9m^{3}*100\\text{%}}{(80+9+11)m^{3}}=9\\text{ vol.%}\\]<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><p>When the 100m<sup>3<\/sup> passes through the CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber, approximately 90% of the CO<sub>2<\/sub> will have been removed from the flue gas. This is illustrated in Table 2 below, where 10m<sup>3<\/sup> of CO<sub>2<\/sub> has been removed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling centered\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-center fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-center\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-block\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Flue-gas-no-co2.png\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Flue-gas-no-co2-400x314.png\" alt=\"100 m3 flue gas excl. CO2\"><\/a><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><p><em>Table 2. Illustration of the main components of 90m<sup>3<\/sup> flue gas <strong>after<\/strong> the CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-9 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><p>The oxygen concentration in dry flue gas is calculated as:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-10 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[O_{2}vol\\text{%}=\\frac{9m^{3}*100\\text{%}}{(80+9+1)m^{3}}=10\\text{ vol.%}\\]<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-11 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><p>Note that the volume of flue gas is reduced from 100m<sup>3<\/sup> before absorber to 90m<sup>3<\/sup> after absorber. The difference of 10m<sup>3<\/sup> is the amount of CO<sub>2<\/sub> collected.<\/p>\n<p><em>NB. The dot in the top left corner of tables 1 and 2 illustrates the pollutants.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><h3>Developing the formula to calculate the correction<\/h3>\n<p>The calculations below are based on the assumption that emission measurements should be performed after the last flue gas cleaning step and the emission limit value specified in the IED should remain.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the principles illustrated above, it is obvious that the calculations should be based on the amounts of N<sub>2<\/sub> and O<sub>2<\/sub> that pass unchanged through the collection system. It should be noted that an additional O<sub>2<\/sub> measurement (dry flue gas) is required as the only additional measurement.<\/p>\n<p>The simplest calculations are based on <strong>dry flue gas<\/strong>, i.e. O<sub>2<\/sub> and flow measured after the CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber are corrected with measured H<sub>2<\/sub>O:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-12 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[Q_{O2} *Q_{fg}\\to\\]<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[\\mathrm{Q}_{fg}^{*}=\\frac{K_{O2}}{\\mathrm{K}_{O2}^{*}}*Q_{fg}\\]<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-space-around fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><p>(1)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-13 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><p><strong>Where:<\/strong><br \/>Q<sub>O2<\/sub> is the oxygen flow through the aborber.<br \/>K<sub>O2<\/sub> is the oxygen concentration. The asterisk (*) indicates the concentration at the inlet to the absorber.<br \/>Q<sub>fg<\/sub> is the flue gas flow. The asterisk (*) indicates the flow rate at the inlet to the absorber.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong> that a bias in the oxygen measurements can be critical, as the difference between the two measurements is expected to be around 1 vol.%.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-14 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#999999;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-18\"><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">As a <strong>check <\/strong>, the amount of CO<sub>2<\/sub> collected can be calculated and compared to the amount of CO<sub>2<\/sub> leaving the facility for storage or utilization (taking into account time lags, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-15 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#999999;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\\[\\mathrm{Q}_{fg}^{*}-Q_{fg}=Q_{CO2}(captured)\\]<\/span><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-16 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-background-color:#999999;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-17 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-19\"><p>The limit value for primary components must be assessed based on the measurement of mass flow after CO<sub>2<\/sub> capture and take into account changes in the capture system. Here exemplified by NO<sub>x<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>First, the mass flow after collection is transferred to the mass flow before collection, i.e:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-18 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion_builder_column_5_6 5_6 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:83.333333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.304%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.304%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[\\mathrm{K}_{NOx}^{*}*Q_{fg}^{*} =K_{NOX}*Q_{fg}\\to\\]<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[\\mathrm{K}_{NOx}^{*}=K_{NOx}*\\frac{Q_{fg}}{\\mathrm{Q}_{fg}^{*}}\\]<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-19 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:16.666666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:11.52%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:11.52%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-20\"><p>(2)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-19 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-20 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-21\"><p><strong>Where:<br \/><\/strong>K<sub>NOx<\/sub> is the NO<sub>x<\/sub> concentration. The asterisk (*) indicates the concentration at the inlet to the collection system.<br \/>Q<sub>fg<\/sub> is the flue gas flow. The asterisk (*) indicates the flow rate at the inlet to the collection system.<\/p>\n<p>By combining formula (1) and (2), the concentration of the primary parameter before the CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber can be calculated according to:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-20 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-21 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><!-- wp:mathml\/mathmlblock -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-mathml-mathmlblock\">\\[\\mathrm{K}_{NOx}^{*}=K_{NOx}*\\frac{\\mathrm{K}_{O2}^{*}}{K_{O2}}\\]<\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:mathml\/mathmlblock --><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-21 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-22 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-22\"><p>The primary measurement can then be converted to a reference condition as specified in EN 14181 in combination with the above formula.<\/p>\n<p>The above formulas are based on values for dry flue gases. The formulas are the same for wet flue gases. However, please note that the calculation must be done at standard conditions. This means that a valid determination of the water content is needed. The advantage of this approach is that O<sub>2<\/sub> is usually already measured on most systems.<\/p>\n<h4>Uncertainty<\/h4>\n<p>A calculation example is performed based on a NO<sub>x<\/sub> concentration of 165 mg\/m<sup>3<\/sup> and measured oxygen concentrations of 7.3 vol.% (after the CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber) and 6.6 vol.% (before the CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber). The example shows that a NO<sub>x<\/sub> measurement that has a standard deviation of 10 mg\/m<sup>3<\/sup> is estimated to increase to 11 mg\/m<sup>3<\/sup> if both oxygen meters have an uncertainty of 0.2 vol.%.<\/p>\n<p>The same estimated uncertainty for calculations based on wet flue gases is 12 mg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>It is possible to make a relatively simple conversion of concentrations measured after a CO<sub>2<\/sub> absorber to the flue gas conditions before the absorber. These can then be compared to the concentration-based limit values set before the introduction of the absorber. The method can also be performed without significantly increasing the uncertainty of the measurement.<\/p>\n<h3><strong> <\/strong>Summarizing<\/h3>\n<p>Placing the AMS after the CC system and adding an additional O<sub>2<\/sub> measurement before Carbon Capture seems to be the best and cheapest option, as the additional O<sub>2<\/sub> measurement is probably already available, and if not, they are often a relatively small cost to introduce. The method also makes it possible to either calculate the amount of captured CO<sub>2<\/sub> or to use the captured CO<sub>2<\/sub> flow to cross-check the reliability of the O<sub>2<\/sub> measurement.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s still too early to say which direction the installations and\/or regulatory requirements will take. What is certain, however, is that facilities will have to work through this issue in the near future if they plan to implement carbon capture &#8211; and we believe most do.<\/p>\n<p>Contact Kenneth Vindum, CEO for more information: <a href=\"mailto:kvin@www.olicem.com\">kvin@www.olicem.com<\/a> or visit us at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilmexhibitions.com\/cem\/\"><strong>CEM 2023<\/strong><\/a> in Barcelona, <strong>stand 54<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ilmexhibitions.com\/cem\/registration\/\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"CEM 2023 &#8211; New Header\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"790\" alt=\"CEM 2023, Barcelona, Spain\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CEM-2023-New-Header.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-7004\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CEM-2023-New-Header-200x79.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CEM-2023-New-Header-400x158.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CEM-2023-New-Header-600x237.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CEM-2023-New-Header-800x316.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CEM-2023-New-Header-1200x474.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/CEM-2023-New-Header.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-22 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:2%;--awb-padding-right:4%;--awb-padding-bottom:2%;--awb-padding-left:4%;--awb-margin-top:2%;--awb-margin-bottom:2%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-23 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-23\"><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>At Olicem, we bring CO<sub>2<\/sub> calculations into the DAHS system in a single solution. Correction to new emission limits, CO<sub>2<\/sub> quality, uncertainty calculations and CO<sub>2<\/sub> fragmentation are examples of some of the areas we have been working on.<\/em><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>For more information, please contact Sales Director, Troels Skov Moestrup:<\/em><\/strong><br \/><em>E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:tsm@www.olicem.com\">tsm@www.olicem.com<\/a><\/em><br \/><em>Mobile: +45 21 49 57 18<\/em><\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-23 fusion-parallax-none nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:10%;--awb-padding-bottom:10%;--awb-background-image:url(&quot;https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shutterstock_148769864-1920-1200x795.jpg&quot;);--awb-background-size:cover;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-24 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-25 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:10px;--awb-padding-right:10px;--awb-padding-bottom:30px;--awb-padding-left:10px;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.82);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.82);--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-24\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center; color: #fff; font-size: 60px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Secure environmental reporting<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-25\"><p style=\"text-align: center; color: #fff; font-size: 25px; line-height: 48px;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">We specialize in delivering high quality in complex environments<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-aligncenter\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-xlarge button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#0a0a0a;--button_border_color:#0a0a0a;--button_accent_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_border_width-top:1px;--button_border_width-right:1px;--button_border_width-bottom:1px;--button_border_width-left:1px;--button_gradient_top_color:rgba(76,81,102,0);--button_gradient_bottom_color:rgba(76,81,102,0);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:#25afb4;--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:#25afb4;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-26 fusion_builder_column_1_6 1_6 fusion-one-sixth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:16.666666666667%;width:calc(16.666666666667% - ( ( 4% + 4% ) * 0.16666666666667 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-24 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7032","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture - Olicem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture - Olicem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Olicem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-16T09:43:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"112 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\\\/\",\"name\":\"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture - Olicem\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-27T12:35:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-16T09:43:23+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Hjem\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Olicem\",\"description\":\"Certificeret milj\u00f8rapportering\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.olicem.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture - Olicem","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture - Olicem","og_url":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/","og_site_name":"Olicem","article_modified_time":"2023-09-16T09:43:23+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"112 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/","url":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/","name":"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture - Olicem","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-06-27T12:35:55+00:00","dateModified":"2023-09-16T09:43:23+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/compliance-with-emission-limits-after-the-introduction-of-carbon-capture\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Hjem","item":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Compliance with emission limits after the introduction of Carbon Capture"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/","name":"Olicem","description":"Certificeret milj\u00f8rapportering","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7032"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7032\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olicem.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}